Muchos usuarios creen que fumar hookah es menos nocivo pero en realidad tiene los mismos riesgos para la salud que fumar cigarrillos. 1, 2 La hookah se fuma generalmente en grupo y la boquilla se pasa de una persona a otra. 1, 2, 3, 4, Las hookahs son pipas de agua que varían en tamaño, forma y estilo, y se usan para fumar tabaco especialmente elaborado que viene en distintos sabores, como manzana, menta, cereza, chocolate, coco, regaliz, capuchino y sandía. 1, 2
La típica hookah moderna consta de un cabezal (con orificios en la parte inferior), un cuerpo metálico, un recipiente para el agua y una manguera flexible con una boquilla. 3, 4
1 American Lung Association. An Emerging Deadly Trend: Waterpipe Tobacco UseCdc-pdfExternal. [PDF–222 KB] Washington: American Lung Association, 2007.
2 American Lung Association. Hookah Smoking: A Growing Threat to Public Health Issue Brief.Cdc-pdfExternal. [PDF–1.34 MB] Smokefree Communities Project, 2011.
3 Akl EA, Gaddam S, Gunukula SK, Honeine R, Jaoude PA, Irani J. The Effects of Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking on Health Outcomes: A Systematic ReviewExternal. International Journal of Epidemiology 2010;39:834–57.
4 Cobb CO, Ward KD, Maziak W, Shihadeh AL, Eissenberg T. Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking: An Emerging Health Crisis in the United StatesExternal. American Journal of Health Behavior 2010;34(3):275–85.
5 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Preventing Tobacco Use Among Youth and Young Adults: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office on Smoking and Health, 2012.
6 U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Electronic Cigarettes (e-Cigarettes)External[last updated 2013 April 25.
7 El-Hakim Ibrahim E, Uthman Mirghani AE. Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Keratoacanthoma of the Lower Lips Associated with “Goza” and “Shisha” Smoking. International Journal of Dermatology 1999;38:108–10.
8 Nuwayhid, I, Yamout, B., Ghassan, and Kambria, M. Narghile (Hubble-Bubble) Smoking, Low Birth Weight and Other Pregnancy OutcomesExternal. American Journal of Epidemiology 1998;148:375–83.
9 Cobb CO, Vansickel AR, Blank MD, Jentink K, Travers MJ, Eissenberg T.Indoor Air Quality in Virginia Waterpipe Cafés. Tobacco Control 2012 Mar 24 doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2011-050350.
10 Shihadeh A, Salman R, Eissenberg T. Does Switching to a Tobacco-Free Waterpipe Product Reduce Toxicant Intake? A Crossover Study Comparing CO, NO, PAH, Volatile Aldehydes, Tar and Nicotine YieldsExternal. Food and Chemical Toxicology 2012;50(5):1494–8.
11 Blank MD, Cobb CO, Kilgalen B, Austin J, Weaver MF, Shihadeh A, Eissenberg T. Acute Effects of Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Control Study. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 2011;116(1–3):102–9.